Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, whose interactions can be
described by a local SU (3) gauge symmetry with charges called “color quantum numbers” …

The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy
flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated …

The quark model was formulated in 1964 to classify mesons as bound states made of a
quark–antiquark pair, and baryons as bound states made of three quarks. For a long time all …

Multiquark resonances are undoubtedly experimentally observed. The number of states and
the amount of details on their properties have been growing over the years. It is very recent …

This review presents an overview of the remarkable progress in the field of heavy-quark
exotic hadrons over the past 15 years. It seeks to be pedagogical rather than exhaustive …

A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the
confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of …

An analytic method of smearing link variables in lattice QCD is proposed and tested. The
differentiability of the smearing scheme with respect to the link variables permits the use of …

This article reviews recent theoretical developments in heavy-quarkonium physics from the
point of view of effective-field theories of QCD. We discuss nonrelativistic QCD and …

We review how lattice QCD can contribute to the prediction and the comprehension of
tetraquarks, pentaquarks and related exotic hadrons such as hybrids, with at least one …

These notes are based on lectures delivered at the Universities of Bielefeld and Helsinki,
between 2004 and 2015, as well as at a number of summer and winter schools, between …