The ability to control cell volume is pivotal for cell function. Cell volume perturbation elicits a
wide array of signaling events, leading to protective (eg, cytoskeletal rearrangement) and …

The NFAT family of transcription factors encompasses five proteins evolutionarily related to
the Rel/NFκB family (Chytil and Verdine 1996; Graef et al. 2001b). The primordial family …

During persistent antigen stimulation, CD8+ T cells show a gradual decrease in effector
function, referred to as exhaustion, which impairs responses in the setting of tumors and …

Although the proteins that read the gene regulatory code, transcription factors (TFs), have
been largely identified, it is not well known which sequences TFs can recognize. We have …

Since the discovery of the first nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) protein more than a
decade ago, the NFAT family of transcription factors has grown to include five members. It …

Cells in the renal inner medulla are normally exposed to extraordinarily high levels of NaCl
and urea. The osmotic stress causes numerous perturbations because of the hypertonic …

Over two decades of research have demonstrated that the peptide hormone endothelin-1
(ET-1) plays multiple, complex roles in cardiovascular, neural, pulmonary, reproductive, and …

Osmotic stress responses are critical not only to the survival of unicellular organisms but
also to the normal function of the mammalian kidney. However, the extent to which cells …

A calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) regulatory pathway has been
implicated in the control of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting one mechanism whereby …

The transcription factor NFAT5/TonEBP, a member of the NFAT/Rel family of transcription
factors, has been implicated in diverse cellular responses, including the response to osmotic …