Despite the surge of microbial genome data, experimental testing is important to confirm
inferences about the cell biology, ecological roles and evolution of microorganisms. As the …

Despite numerous surveys of gene and species content in heterotrophic microbial
communities, such as those found in animal guts, oceans, or soils, it is still unclear whether …

INTRODUCTION Microbial populations display heterogeneous gene expression profiles that
result in phenotypic differences between individual bacteria. This diversity can allow …

Raman microspectroscopy offers microbiologists a rapid and non-destructive technique to
assess the chemical composition of individual live microorganisms in near real time. In this …

The classification of life forms into a hierarchical system (taxonomy) and the application of
names to this hierarchy (nomenclature) is at a turning point in microbiology. The …

The Raman spectrum of living cells and microorganisms contains highly specific fingerprint‐
like signatures, useful in unequivocally identifying different species and interpreting …

Viability and metabolic assays are commonly used as proxies to assess the overall
metabolism of microorganisms. The variety of these assays combined with little information …

Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging using inherent vibrational contrast has been broadly
used as a powerful analytical tool for sample identification and characterization. However …

Methyl-based methanogenesis is one of three broad categories of archaeal anaerobic
methanogenesis, including both the methyl dismutation (methylotrophic) pathway and the …

Label-free molecular imaging techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) enable the direct and simultaneous map** of …