Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution
in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting …

Tumor cells must generate sufficient ATP and biosynthetic precursors in order to maintain
cell proliferation requirements. Otto Warburg showed that tumor cells uptake high amounts …

Cancer cells are well-known for adapting their metabolism to maintain high proliferation
rates and survive in unfavorable environments with low oxygen and nutritional deficiency …

Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and
oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer
progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as one of the primary barriers in cancer
therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a common inhabitant of the TME in several …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in cancer. The level of
ROS will determine physiological effects. While high levels of ROS can cause damage to …

Influential research by Warburg and Cori in the 1920s ignited interest in how cancer cells'
energy generation is different from that of normal cells. They observed high glucose …

Significance: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle for the folding and
trafficking of proteins, which is highly sensitive to changes in intracellular homeostasis and …

Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in
tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during …