Bird migrations are impressive behavioral phenomena, representing complex
spatiotemporal strategies to balance costs of living while maximizing fitness. The field of bird …

Long‐distance migrations are among the most physically demanding feats animals perform.
Understanding the potential costs and benefits of such behaviour is a fundamental question …

Many populations of long‐distance migrants are declining and there is increasing evidence
that declines may be caused by factors operating outside the breeding season. Among the …

Disentangling individual-and population-level variation in migratory movements is
necessary for understanding migration at the species level. However, very few studies have …

Soaring flight is a remarkable adaptation to reduce movement costs by taking advantage of
atmospheric uplifts. The movement pattern of soaring birds is shaped by the spatial and …

Raptors primarily use soaring-gliding flight which exploits thermals and ridge lifts over land
to reduce energetic costs. However during migration, these birds often have to cross water …

The development of migratory behaviour is a continuous process which is not only
determined by genes, but also moulded by individual differences based on life‐history …

We tagged two juvenile short‐toed eagles in southern Italian peninsula with GPS satellite
transmitters. According to previous visual observations, two different migratory routes for …

A broad range of migration strategies exist in avian species, and different strategies can
occur in different populations of the same species. For the breeding Osprey Pandion …

Billions of migrating birds travel between their breeding and over-wintering areas twice a
year, encountering various environmental conditions along their migration routes. Wind is of …