Large ice sheets actively interact with the rest of the climate system by amplifying, pacing,
and potentially driving global climate change over several time scales. Direct and indirect …

Glaciations have occurred episodically at different time intervals and for different durations in
Earth's history. Ice covers have formed in a wide range of plate tectonic and structural …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

A daptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts. It refers to changes in …

OXYGEN isotope measurements in Greenland ice demonstrate that a series of rapid warm-
cold oscillations—called Dansgaard–Oeschger events—punctuated the last glaciation1 …

This third edition of Reconstructing Quaternary Environments has been completely revised
and updated to provide a new account of the history and scale of environmental changes …

Satellite radar interferometry (SRI) provides a sensitive means of monitoring the flow
velocities and grounding-line positions of ice streams, which are indicators of response of …

• In the Arctic, extensive land areas show a 20th-century warming trend in air temperature of
as much as 5 C. Over sea ice, there has been slight warming in the 1961–1990 period …

Data from laboratory geotechnical tests on till recovered from beneath Ice Stream B, West
Antarctica, at the Upstream B camp (hereinafter the UpB till) show that failure strength of this …

The transition in the middle Pleistocene (∼ 0.9 Ma) seen in δ18O deep‐sea‐core records
from relatively low‐amplitude, high‐frequency (41 kyr) to high‐amplitude, low‐frequency …