Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received significant attention in the last few years in
the agriculture field. Among the major challenges for sensor nodes' deployment in …

Smart parking management systems need to keep up with the state of parking spots at all
times. This is efficiently accomplished via sensor nodes that detect vehicles and update the …

Extensive research has not been done on propagation modeling for natural short-and tall-
grassy environments for the purpose of wireless sensor deployment. This study is essential …

Signal propagation losses in protected environments are investigated using wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard of operating frequency, 2.425 GHz …

The production of tomatoes in greenhouses, in addition to its relevance in nutrition and
health, is an activity of the agroindustry with high economic importance in Spain, the first …

This proposal examines the effect of grass vegetation elevation and density on path loss
between sensors deployed in an IoT-enabled wireless sensor network (IoWSN) crop …

In deterministic deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), nodes are carefully placed
at desired locations, with careful planning for separation distances, heights, and node …

In order to tackle the problem of poor network connectivity and sensing coverage in random
wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployment, this paper proposes hierarchical-logic …

The effect of climate change and human activities leads to a series of dangerous
phenomena, such as landslides and flood. In such a context, building a system to monitor …

This article presents the development of a data acquisition system that uses a hybrid
communication network based on long-range (LoRa) modules. This system aims to provide …