The human menopause transition and aging are each associated with an increase in a
variety of health risk factors including, but not limited to, cardiovascular disease …

There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of
estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …

The effects of estrogens are pleiotropic, affecting multiple bodily systems. Changes from the
body's natural fluctuating levels of estrogens, through surgical removal of the ovaries …

For many pathologies associated with aging, female patients present with higher morbidity
and more frequent adverse events from treatments compared to male patients. While …

The ovarian hormones 17β-estradiol (E 2) and progesterone (P 4) are potent modulators of
hippocampal memory formation. Both hormones have been demonstrated to enhance …

Background The vast majority of women with dementia are post-menopausal. Despite
clinical relevance, menopause is underrepresented in rodent models of dementia. Before …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”. Estrogens are becoming well
known for their robust enhancement on cognition particularly for learning and memory that …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and Cognition”. While many studies in
humans have investigated the effects of estrogen and hormone therapy on cognition …

Current rodent models of menopause fail to adequately recapitulate the menopause
transition. The intact aging model fails to achieve very low estrogen levels, and the …

In females, there is a continuous decline of the ovarian reserve with age, which results in
menopause in women or estropause in mice. Loss of ovarian function results in metabolic …