Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor
treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and …

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely studied and applied in the field of tumor
diagnosis and treatment because of their special fundamental properties. In order to make …

The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism is the major cause underlying the
efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT procedure is based on the cascade of …

Carbon-based nanomaterials include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its
derivatives, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and carbon-based quantum dots. Due to their …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied to treat a wide range of medical conditions,
including wet age-related macular degeneration psoriasis, atherosclerosis, viral infection …

Nanoparticles are generally defined as any particulate material for which at least one
dimension lies in the range of 1− 100 nm. 1− 3 They can exist in various shapes, such as …

High-quality fluorescence bioimaging requires organic exogenous contrast agents with
biocompatibility, brightness, and photostability. The recently discovered and rapidly …

Optical imaging represents one of the most essential tools in biological studies. Although
with great advances, bio-optical imaging still suffers from problems such as resolution …

Recent advances in technology are expected to increase our current understanding of
neuroscience. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can alter and control neural functionality …

Gold is a precious metal with a characteristic bright and beautiful hue known as the golden
yellow color.(1) As of 2012, a total of 174,100 tons of Au has been mined in human history …