Teleparallel gravity (TG) has significantly increased in popularity in recent decades, bringing
attention to Einstein's other theory of gravity. In this Review, we give a comprehensive …

The first generation of stars, often called Population III (or Pop III), form from metal-free
primordial gas at redshifts z∼ 30 and below. They dominate the cosmic star-formation …

We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements
of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the …

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early
Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the …

In this review we present a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent work on modified
theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences. Amongst other things, we cover …

Modern Cosmology, Third Edition provides a detailed introduction to the field of cosmology.
Beginning with the smooth, homogeneous universe described by a Friedmann-Lemaître …

Recent cosmological observations suggest the existence of a positive cosmological constant
Λ with the magnitude Λ (Gℏ/c3)≈ 10− 123. This review discusses several aspects of the …

We present here the final results of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project to
measure the Hubble constant. We summarize our method, the results, and the uncertainties …

Recent observations of Type 1a supernovae indicating an accelerating universe have once
more drawn attention to the possible existence, at the present epoch, of a small positive Λ …

We review theory and applications of weak gravitational lensing. After summarising
Friedmann–Lemaı̂tre cosmological models, we present the formalism of gravitational …