Despite the several-thousand-fold increase of brain volume during the course of mammalian
evolution, the hierarchy of brain oscillations remains remarkably preserved, allowing for …

Birds are one of the most recognizable and diverse groups of modern vertebrates. Over the
past two decades, a wealth of new fossil discoveries and phylogenetic and …

In the last few million years, the hominin brain more than tripled in size. Comparisons across
evolutionary lineages suggest that this expansion may be part of a broader trend toward …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

Computer-aided visualization and analysis of fossils has revolutionized the study of extinct
organisms. Novel techniques allow fossils to be characterized in three dimensions and in …

Background The origin of birds is one of the most enduring and dramatic evolutionary
debates. The hypothesis that the primarily small-sized birds are nested within a theropod …

Relative brain sizes in birds can rival those of primates, but large-scale patterns and drivers
of avian brain evolution remain elusive. Here, we explore the evolution of the fundamental …

Birds today are the most diverse clade of terrestrial vertebrates, and understanding why
extant birds (Aves) alone among dinosaurs survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass …

Cranial endocasts, or the internal molds of the braincase, are a crucial correlate for
investigating the neuroanatomy of extinct vertebrates and tracking brain evolution through …

Recent palaeontological data and novel physiological hypotheses now allow a timescaled
reconstruction of the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals. A three‐phase iterative …