How does consciousness vary across the animal kingdom? Are some animals 'more
conscious' than others? This article presents a multidimensional framework for …

Transmission and distribution electricity grids are expanding rapidly worldwide, with
significant negative impacts on biodiversity and, in particular, on birds. We performed a …

Avian eyes have deep central foveae as a result of extensive evolution. Deep foveae
efficiently refract incident light, creating a magnified image of the target object and making it …

Much concern has been expressed about the ecological consequences of night‐time light
pollution. This concern is most often focused on the encroachment of artificial light into …

Animals housed in artificial habitats are confronted by a wide range of potentially
provocative environmental challenges. In this article, we review many of the potential …

In understanding how visual signals function, quantifying the components of those patterns
is vital. With the ever-increasing power and availability of digital photography, many studies …

INTRODUCTION Organisms in the early stages of speciation provide an opportunity to
understand the processes that govern reproductive isolation between taxa. Ecological or …

Effective camouflage renders a target indistinguishable from irrelevant background objects.
Two interrelated but logically distinct mechanisms for this are background pattern matching …

The spectral absorption characteristics of the retinal photoreceptors of the blue tit (Parus
caeruleus) and blackbird (Turdus merula) were investigated using microspectrophotometry …

Sensory ecology investigates the information that underlies an animal's interactions with its
environment. A sensory ecology framework is used here to seek to assess why flying birds …