Plants are the target of a wide range of pollutants that vary in concentration, speciation, and
toxicity. Such pollutants mainly enter the plant system through the soil (Arshad et al. 2008) or …

Lead accumulation in soils is of serious concern in agricultural production due to the harmful
effects on soil microflora, crop growth and food safety. In soil, speciation of lead greatly …

Uptake and translocation of cationic nutrients play essential roles in physiological processes
including plant growth, nutrition, signal transduction, and development. Approximately 5% of …

Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of
plant Ca2+‐permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding …

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stress as it decreases crop production of
more than 20% of irrigated land worldwide. Hence, it is important to develop salt-tolerant …

Recently nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signalling molecule in plants. Here we
review the potential sources of endogenous NO, outline the biological processes likely to be …

Transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn are essential minerals for normal plant growth
and development, although they can be toxic when present in excess. Thus, for healthy plant …

Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in
plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions …

Many extracellular signals, including light, biotic, and abiotic stress factors, elicit changes in
cellular Ca2+ concentration in plants (Trewavas and Knight, 1994; Bush, 1995; Braam et al …

The oxidative burst, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to
microbial pathogen attack, is a ubiquitous early part of the resistance mechanisms of plant …