The terrestrial ring current is an electric current flowing toroidally around the Earth, centered
at the equatorial plane and at altitudes of∼ 10,000–60,000 km. Changes in this current are …

The departure of the aurora from quiet levels in a dynamic manner constitutes some type of
auroral “breakup” event. Research into the auroral breakup predates the International …

Observations and models of current disruption in the Earth's magnetosphere are briefly
reviewed. At the approach of current disruption onset, the cross‐tail current sheet shows a …

This paper attempts to summarize the current understanding of the storm/substorm
relationship by clearing up a considerable amount of controversy and by addressing the …

Using the Dst index, more than 1200 geomagnetic storms, from weak to intense, spanning
over three solar cycles have been examined statistically. Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) …

The present 15th volume of the ISSI Space Science Series is devoted to Auroral Plasma
Physics. The aurora is arguably the most intriguing phenomenon in space plasma physics …

The magnetic storm is the prime dynamic process in Geospace. It interconnects, in a
uniquely global manner, the solar wind, the magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the upper …

An interdisciplinary NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on
Technology Infrastructure (ESPRIT) was held in Rhodes, Greece, on 25‐29 March 2003 …

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), magnetic clouds (MCs), sheaths, corotating
interaction regions (CIRs), solar wind high-speed streams (HSSs), fast forward shocks (FSs) …

We study extremely intense substorms with SuperMAG AL (SML) peak intensities<− 2500 nT
(“supersubstorms”/SSSs) for the period from 1981 to 2012. The SSS events were often found …