HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein [Env; trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to (gp120/gp41) 3] attaches
the virion to a susceptible cell and induces fusion of viral and cell membranes to initiate …

Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology
approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled …

The pathway causing CD4 T-cell death in HIV-infected hosts remains poorly understood
although apoptosis has been proposed as a key mechanism. We now show that caspase-3 …

The most significant advance in the medical management of HIV-1 infection has been the
treatment of patients with antiviral drugs, which can suppress HIV-1 replication to …

The first step of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle—binding and
entry into the host cell—plays a major role in determining viral tropism and the ability of HIV …

The attraction of leukocytes to tissues is essential for inflammation and the host response to
infection. The process is controlled by chemokines, which are chemotactic cytokines. This …

Rare individuals have been multiply exposed to HIV-1 but remain uninfected. The CD4+ T-
cells of two of these individuals, designated EU2 and EU3, are highly resistant in vitro to the …

HIV-1 and related viruses require co-receptors, in addition to CD4, to infect target cells. The
chemokine receptor CCR-5 (ref. 1) was recently demonstrated to be a co-receptor for …

▪ Abstract In addition to CD4, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires a coreceptor
for entry into target cells. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5, members of the G …

Abstract HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), which consists of trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to
(gp120 and gp41) 3, interacts with the primary receptor CD4 and a coreceptor (such as …