Since the publication of the first epidemiological study to establish the connection between
long‐term exposure to atmospheric pollution and effects on human health, major efforts …

Coming up with Bayesian models for spatial data is easy, but performing inference with them
can be challenging. Writing fast inference code for a complex spatial model with realistically …

In all cities and urban areas, the risk faced by people and assets from hazards associated
with climate change has increased (high confidence1). Urban areas are now home to 4.2 …

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is the world's leading environmental health risk
factor. Reducing the PM2. 5 disease burden requires specific strategies that target dominant …

Background Short-term exposure to ambient PM 2· 5 is a leading contributor to the global
burden of diseases and mortality. However, few studies have provided the global …

The burning of fossil fuels–especially coal, petrol, and diesel–is a major source of airborne
fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), and a key contributor to the global burden of mortality and …

Exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is a leading risk factor for mortality. We
develop global estimates of annual PM2. 5 concentrations and trends for 1998–2018 using …

Air pollution is high on the global agenda and is widely recognised as a threat to both public
health and economic progress. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4.2 …

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is a major global health concern.
Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio …

Executive summary The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change
was established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking …