Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Marine and freshwater ecosystems are warming, acidifying, and deoxygenating as a
consequence of climate change. In parallel, the impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on …

There is increasing concern that accelerating environmental change attributed to human-
induced warming of the planet may substantially alter the patterns, distribution and intensity …

Climate change pressures will influence marine planktonic systems globally, and it is
conceivable that harmful algal blooms may increase in frequency and severity. These …

The rapid loss of intraspecific variation is a hidden biodiversity crisis. Intraspecific variation,
which includes the genomic and phenotypic diversity found within and among populations …

Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in
marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans …

The oceans take up over 1 million tons of anthropogenic CO2 per hour, increasing dissolved
p CO2 and decreasing seawater pH in a process called ocean acidification (OA). At the …

Many protist plankton are mixotrophs, combining phototrophy and phagotrophy. Their role in
freshwater and marine ecology has emerged as a major develo** feature of plankton …

Ocean acidification poses a global threat to biodiversity, yet species might have the capacity
to adapt through evolutionary change. Here we summarize tools available to determine …

Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 results in higher equilibrium concentrations of
dissolved CO 2 in natural waters, with corresponding increases in hydrogen ion and …