Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in brain catecholamine biosynthesis,
and tetrahydrobiopterin is its cofactor. Research has focused on identifying mechanisms of …

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can modulate many cellular
mechanisms, such as cell survival and memory processing, which are also influenced by the …

The extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was studied to determine its role in
neuronal plasticity related to the development of nicotine dependence. Levels and …

Recently it has been demonstrated that catecholamines are produced and used by
macrophages and mediate immune response. The aim of this study is to verify whether …

Dopaminergic functions are important for various biological activities, and their impairment
leads to neurodegeneration, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic manganese …

Stress has been shown to affect brain structural plasticity, promote long‐term changes in
multiple neurotransmitter systems and cause neuronal atrophy. However, the mechanisms …

The immune system is increasingly recognized for its role in the genesis and progression of
hypertension. The adrenal gland is a major site that coordinates the stress response via the …

In neurons and neuroendocrine cells, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression is induced
by stimuli that elevate cAMP, by depolarization, and by hypoxia. Using these stimuli, we …

Sensorimotor recovery following ischemic stroke is highly related with structural modification
and functional reorganization of residual brain tissues. Manipulations, such as treatment …

PRL secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is inhibited by dopamine produced in the
tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons of the hypothalamus. The activity of …