Highlights•This paper has reported the design and performance of a novel robotic kiwifruit
harvesting system.•Detection rate of 89.6% of reachable kiwifruit with a deep network based …

This part of our review of the research, developments and innovation in agricultural robots
for field operations, focuses on characteristics, performance measures, agricultural tasks …

Automation and robotics for agricultural production are topics of tremendous interest and
large investments. There have been significant recent advances in agricultural automation …

Robots are widely expected—and pushed—to transform open-field agriculture, but these
visions remain wedded to optimizing monocultural farming systems. Meanwhile there is little …

Autonomous agricultural robots play an essential role in agricultural mechanization. Self-
reliable navigation of these robots is a challenging task. Generally, Global Navigation …

The growing popularity of kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand is increasing the already high
demand for seasonal labourers. A novel robotic kiwifruit harvester has been designed and …

There is an increasing concern that the traditional approach of natural kiwifruit pollination by
bees may not be sustainable. The alternatives are currently too costly for most growers due …

Cotton boll number is an important component of fiber yield, arguably the most important
phenotypic trait to plant breeders and growers alike. In addition, boll number provides a …

Highlights•Application of sliding mode variable structure algorithm to Path following of
farmland caterpillar robot.•The dynamic model of the interaction between track and soil …

There have been recent developments in (1) sensing and perception,(2) variable rate
technologies, and (3) machine optimization in agriculture. Such automated systems have …