The concept of biorefinery depends on the recuperation of higher-value chemicals with
potential for a wide dissemination and an untapped marketability. To construct a clearer …

In the quest for a sustainable future, the bio-economy and biorefineries have emerged as
pivotal agents of transformation. This review paper offers an accessible and comprehensive …

The worldwide fossil fuel reserves are rapidly and continually being depleted as a result of
the rapid increase in global population and rising energy sector needs. Fossil fuels should …

Highlights•Biofuel will play an important role in meeting the world's energy need in the
future.•First generation biofuels cannot replace fossil fuel due to competition with food …

An algal feedstock or biomass may contain a very high oil fraction, and thus could be used
for the production of advanced biofuels via different conversion processes. Its major …

Scientific studies have demonstrated that it is possible to generate a wide variety of
bioenergy from biomass residues and waste, and however its cost is not competitive with …

Solar technology is a viable alternative which can be used in place of conventional energy
sources. Conversion of biomass to valuable high-end products have also been touted as …

Crop residues, the byproduct of crop production, are valuable natural resources that can be
managed to maximize different input use efficiencies. Crop residue management is a well …

Owing to the current issues of rapid urbanization and motorization, worldwide petroleum oil
demand is increasing obstinately, which is another way of affecting the economy of a nation …

Biofuel, a cost-effective, safe, and environmentally benign fuel produced from renewable
sources, has been accepted as a sustainable replacement and a panacea for the damaging …