Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules
downstream of receptors/sensors that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular …

To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors,
including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular …

Plants cannot move to escape environmental challenges. Biotic stresses result from a
battery of potential pathogens: fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects intercept the …

There is remarkable conservation in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune responses of plants, insects and mammals. We …

Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce
environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK …

Plant diseases can drastically abate the crop yields as the degree of disease outbreak is
getting severe around the world. Therefore, plant disease management has always been …

To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated, receptor-based immune system.
Cell-surface immune receptors, which are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor …

A bstract Plant responses to herbivores are complex. Genes activated on herbivore attack
are strongly correlated with the mode of herbivore feeding and the degree of tissue damage …

Plants have evolved sophisticated systems to cope with herbivore challenges. When plants
perceive herbivore-derived physical and chemical cues, such as elicitors in insects' oral …