Among the many neuromodulators used by the mammalian brain to regulate circuit function
and plasticity, dopamine (DA) stands out as one of the most behaviorally powerful …

Addiction is a state of compulsive drug use; despite treatment and other attempts to control
drug taking, addiction tends to persist. Clinical and laboratory observations have converged …

Using addictive drugs can evolve from controlled social use into the compulsive relapsing
disorder that characterizes addiction. This transition to addiction results from genetic …

Pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) critically contribute to cocaine-
seeking behavior in humans and rodents. Activity of these neurons is significantly modulated …

BACKGROUND: Chronic stress is a major health concern, often leading to depression,
anxiety, or when severe enough, posttraumatic stress disorder. While many studies …

Variables influencing the risk of dissemination and outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans
infection were assessed in 111 organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis in a …

Defining the drug-induced neuroadaptations specifically associated with the behavioral
manifestation of addiction is a daunting task. To address this issue, we used a behavioral …

Repeated cocaine exposure triggers adaptations in layer 5/6 glutamatergic neurons in the
medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that promote behavioral sensitization and drug-seeking …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates motivated behavior by, in part, processing
excitatory synaptic projections from several brain regions. Among these regions, the …

Highly selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M1 subtype of muscarinic
acetylcholine receptor have emerged as an exciting new approach for improving cognitive …