We review geological evidence on the origin of the modern transcontinental Amazon River,
and the paleogeographic history of riverine connections among the principal sedimentary …

The stream power law, expressed as E= KA m S n—where E is erosion rate [LT− 1], K is an
erodibility coefficient [T− 1 L (1− 2m)], A is drainage area [L 2], S is channel gradient [L/L] …

Climate influences the erosion processes acting at the Earth's surface. However, the effect of
cooling during the Late Cenozoic era, including the onset of Pliocene–Pleistocene Northern …

Nitrogen availability is a pivotal control on terrestrial carbon sequestration and global
climate change. Historical and contemporary views assume that nitrogen enters Earth's land …

The long-term diversification of the biosphere responds to changes in the physical
environment. Yet, over the continents, the nearly monotonic expansion of life started later in …

Cosmogenic nuclide techniques have advanced the geosciences by providing tools for
exposure age dating, burial dating, quantification of denudation rates and more. Advances …

This cutting-edge summary combines ideas from several sub-disciplines including geology,
geomorphology, oceanography and geochemistry to provide an integrated view of Earth …

Humans are primary agents of geomorphic change, and rates of anthropogenic landscape
change likely far exceed the pace of change expected from natural geologic processes …

In many gravel-bedded rivers, floods that fill the channel banks create just enough shear
stress to move the median-sized gravel particles on the bed surface (D 50). Because this …

Ecosystem engineers strongly influence the communities in which they live by modifying
habitats and altering resource availability. These biogenic changes can persist beyond the …