T cell responses must be balanced to ensure adequate protection against malignant
transformation and an array of pathogens while also limiting damage to healthy cells and …

Cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to chronic infections and tumours is maintained by a
specialized population of CD8+ T cells that exhibit hallmarks of both exhausted and memory …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of
haematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, B cell lymphoma and …

A major limitation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies is the poor persistence
of these cells in vivo. The expression of memory-associated genes in CAR T cells is linked to …

The antitumour activity of endogenous or adoptively transferred tumour-specific T cells is
highly dependent on their differentiation status. It is now apparent that less differentiated T …

Repetitive exposure to antigen in chronic infection and cancer drives T cell exhaustion,
limiting adaptive immunity. In contrast, aberrant, sustained T cell responses can persist over …

During chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells develop into three major phenotypically and
functionally distinct subsets: Ly108+ TCF-1+ progenitors, Ly108− CX3CR1− terminally …

T cell differentiation is a highly regulated, multi-step process necessary for the progressive
establishment of effector functions, immunological memory, and long-term control of …

Thirty years of foundational research investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms
promoting T cell exhaustion are now enabling rational design of T cell–based therapies for …

Recent advances have redefined a role for T cell factor 1 (TCF1) that goes beyond T cell
development and T memory formation and encompasses new functions in the regulation of …