Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

The circular economy (CE) is perceived as a sustainable economic system where the
economic growth is decoupled from the resources use, through the reduction and …

Critical metals are technologically vital to the functionality of various emerging technologies,
yet they have a potentially unstable supply. This condition calls for strategic planning based …

As one quarter of global energy use serves the production of materials, the more efficient
use of these materials presents a significant opportunity for the mitigation of greenhouse gas …

The consumption of most metals continues to rise following ever-increasing population
growth, affluence and technological development. Sustainability considerations urge greater …

The interests of the current and future generations concerning the access to and the use of
geologically scarce mineral resources diverge. This article explores whether this apparent …

Steel production accounts for approximately 8% of all global CO2 emissions, with the
primary steelmaking route using iron ores contributing approximately 80% of those …

Materials scientists employ metals and alloys that involve most of the periodic table.
Nonetheless, materials scientists rarely take material criticality and reuse potential into …

Material flow analysis (MFA) studies the stocks and flows of goods and substances in
systems. The methods and algorithms of MFA have improved over the last few years, but a …

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly applied to examine the environmental
performance of waste management systems. The system boundaries are, however, often …