Background. Electrode arrays can simplify the modulation of shape, size, and position for
customized stimulation delivery. However, the intricacy in achieving the desired outcome …

After complete or partial paralysis due to stroke or spinal cord injury, electrical nerve
stimulation can be used to artificially generate functional muscle contractions. This …

Abstract Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can elicit muscular contraction and restore
motor function in paralyzed limbs. FES is a rehabilitation technique applied to various …

Introduction Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an established method of supporting
neurological rehabilitation. However, particularly on the forearm, it still cannot elicit selective …

Capacity of adult neural and muscle tissues to respond to external Electrical Stimulation
(ES) is the biological basis for the development and implementation of mobility impairment …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is commonly used for people with neurological
conditions. As the muscle geometry changes (ie, muscle lengthening/shortening), the force …

Background Surface electrode arrays have become popular in the application of functional
electrical stimulation (FES) on the forearm. Arrays consist of multiple, small elements, which …

Non-invasive electrical stimulation in the form of neuromuscular electrical stimulation
(NMES) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been documented as an optional …

BACKGROUND: Complex personalized Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) protocols for
calibrating parameters and electrode positioning have been proposed, most being time …

Abstract Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) facilitates the motor recovery of the hand
function after stroke. The integration of biofeedback and other strategies to actively in-volve …