Autophagy is a quality-control, metabolic, and innate immunity process. Normative
autophagy affects many cell types, including hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic …

As brutally demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, an effective immune system is
essential for survival. Developed over evolutionary time, viral nucleic acid detection is a …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules
derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all …

Receptors of the innate immune system detect conserved determinants of microbial and viral
origin. Activation of these receptors initiates signaling events that culminate in an effective …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades.
General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical …

The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 play a major role in pathogen
sensing of RNA virus infection to initiate and modulate antiviral immunity. The RLRs detect …

Pathogenesis induced by SARS-CoV-2 is thought to result from both an inflammation-
dominated cytokine response and virus-induced cell perturbation causing cell death. Here …

Cancers arise through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable
cells to evade telomere-based proliferative barriers and achieve immortality. One such …