mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their
efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine–induced immune responses are mostly …

One of the most profound public health consequences of immune senescence is reflected in
an increased susceptibility to influenza and other acute respiratory illnesses, as well as a …

The traditional platform of using embryonated chicken eggs for the production of influenza
vaccines has several drawbacks including the inability to meet the volume of required doses …

T follicular helper (TFH) CD4 cells are crucial providers of B cell help during adaptive
immune responses. A circulating population of CD4 T cells, termed cTFH, have similarity to …

Background Influenza vaccination aims to prevent infection by influenza virus and reduce
associated morbidity and mortality; however, vaccine effectiveness (VE) can be modest …

Annual vaccination with influenza vaccines is recommended for protection against influenza
in the United States. Past clinical studies and meta-analysis, however, have reported …

Patients with cancer are at particular risk for infection but also have diminished vaccine
responses, usually quantified by the level of specific antibodies. Nonetheless, vaccines are …

Introduction The number of elderly people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased in line
with population ageing. As the immune system presents profound changes over an …

Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are believed to be immunologically superior to
inactivated influenza vaccines, because they can induce a variety of adaptive immune …

Background: Tularemia is a potential biological weapon due to its high infectivity and ease
of dissemination. This study aimed to characterize the innate and adaptive responses …