Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

The aims of this review are to:(a) describe and interpret structures in valley glaciers in
relation to strain history; and (b) to explore how these structures inform our understanding of …

Pine Island Glacier has thinned and accelerated over recent decades, significantly
contributing to global sea-level rise. Increased oceanic melting of its ice shelf is thought to …

Iceberg calving from all Antarctic ice shelves has never been directly measured, despite
playing a crucial role in ice sheet mass balance. Rapid changes to iceberg calving naturally …

Pine Island Glacier and Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment are among the
fastest changing outlet glaciers in West Antarctica with large consequences for global sea …

Constraining how much and how fast the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) will change in the
coming decades has recently been identified as the highest priority in Antarctic research …

Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but
changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world …

Reductions in the thickness and extent of Antarctic ice shelves are triggering increased
discharge of marine-terminating glaciers. While the impacts of recent changes are well …

Ocean tides are the main source of high‐frequency variability in the vertical and horizontal
motion of ice sheets near their marine margins. Floating ice shelves, which occupy about …

Glacier change is ubiquitous, but the fastest and largest magnitude changes occur in
glaciers that terminate in water. This includes the most rapidly retreating glaciers, and also …