The largest uncertainty in future sea-level rise is loss of ice from the Greenland and Antarctic
Ice Sheets. Ice shelves, freely floating platforms of ice that fringe the ice sheets, play a …

Constraining how much and how fast the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) will change in the
coming decades has recently been identified as the highest priority in Antarctic research …

Pine Island Glacier has thinned and accelerated over recent decades, significantly
contributing to global sea-level rise. Increased oceanic melting of its ice shelf is thought to …

Iceberg calving from all Antarctic ice shelves has never been directly measured, despite
playing a crucial role in ice sheet mass balance. Rapid changes to iceberg calving naturally …

Pine Island Glacier and Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment are among the
fastest changing outlet glaciers in West Antarctica with large consequences for global sea …

Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but
changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world …

Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

Glacier change is ubiquitous, but the fastest and largest magnitude changes occur in
glaciers that terminate in water. This includes the most rapidly retreating glaciers, and also …

Ocean tides are the main source of high‐frequency variability in the vertical and horizontal
motion of ice sheets near their marine margins. Floating ice shelves, which occupy about …

Meltwater generated beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet exerts a strong influence on the speed
of ice flow, in particular for major ice streams,. The subglacial meltwater also influences …