Macrophages can be affected by a variety of factors to change their phenotype and thus
affect their function. Activated macrophages are usually divided into two categories, M1-like …

The implantation of any foreign material into the body leads to the development of an
inflammatory and fibrotic process—the foreign body reaction (FBR). Upon implantation into a …

The discovery of natural adhesion phenomena and mechanisms has advanced the
development of a new generation of tissue adhesives in recent decades. In this study, we …

Chronic refractory wounds have become a severe threat to public health and are
characterized by repeated bacterial infections, persistent hypoxia, abnormal immune …

Proper immune responses are critical for successful biomaterial implantation. Here, four
scales of honeycomb-like TiO2 structures were custom made on titanium (Ti) substrates to …

To present knowledge, macrophages are found in all tissues of the human body. They are a
cell population with high plasticity which come with a multitude of functions which appear to …

Osteochondral regeneration is an orchestrated process of inflammatory immunity, host cell
response, and implant degradation in tissue engineering. Here, the effects of a platelet-rich …

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease
progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and …

Nanoparticle (NP) is an emerging tool applied in the biomedical field. With combination of
different materials and adjustment of their physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles …

In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, a biomaterial provides mechanical support
and biochemical signals to encourage cell attachment and modulate cell behaviour …