Kelps are ecologically important primary producers and ecosystem engineers, and play a
central role in structuring nearshore temperate habitats. They play an important role in …

The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is
causing “ocean sprawl”. Artificial structures do not only modify marine and coastal …

The sprawl of marine construction is one of the most extreme human modifications to global
seascapes. Nevertheless, its global extent remains largely unquantified compared to that on …

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than
the global average. People in this zone are concentrated in coastal cities that are hubs for …

LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Along urbanised coastlines, urban infrastructure is increasingly becoming the dominant
habitat. These structures are often poor surrogates for natural habitats, and a diversity of eco …

Given predicted increases in urbanization in tropical and subtropical regions, understanding
the processes sha** urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future …

Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic
zones, and the demand for ocean space and resources is increasing. As we strive for a more …

Thousands of offshore oil and gas structures are approaching the end of their operating life
globally, yet our understanding of the environmental effects of different decommissioning …

Coastal developments worldwide have put entire shoreline ecosystems at risk. Recently,
land reclamation has been extended to the construction of whole new islands; a …