Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease affecting the
gastrointestinal tract. IBD consists of 2 subtypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. IBD is …

Data are accumulating that emphasize the important role of the intestinal barrier and
intestinal permeability for health and disease. However, these terms are poorly defined, their …

11.1. General The treatment strategy for ulcerative colitis [UC] is mainly based on the
severity, distribution [proctitis, left-sided, extensive] 1 and pattern of disease. The latter …

The introduction and broad use of new immunosuppressive agents, including biologic
agents and JAK inhibitors, have revolutionised treatment of inflammatory bowel disease …

The intestinal microbiota, composed of pro-and anti-inflammatory microbes, has an essential
role in maintaining gut homeostasis and functionality. An overly hygienic lifestyle …

One potential outcome of the adaptive coevolution of humans and bacteria is the
development of commensal relationships, where neither partner is harmed, or symbiotic …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the
gut. Although the precise cause of IBD remains unknown, the most accepted hypothesis of …

Probiotics are usually defined as microbial food supplements with beneficial effects on the
consumers. Most probiotics fall into the group of organisms' known as lactic acid‐producing …

When deciding the appropriate treatment strategy for active ulcerative colitis one should
consider the activity, distribution (proctitis, left-sided, extensive 1), and pattern of disease …

According to the German definition, probiotics are defined viable microorganisms, sufficient
amounts of which reach the intestine in an active state and thus exert positive health effects …