The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia–neuron interactions
and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in …

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies results in
irreversible vision loss due to the mammalian central nervous system's limited regenerative …

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is well known for its role in normal
and pathologic neovascularization. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that …

The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In
mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving …

Neural cell death is the main feature of all retinal degenerative disorders that lead to
blindness. Despite therapeutic advances, progression of retinal disease cannot always be …

We validated the pig eye as a model of glaucoma, based on chronic elevation of intraocular
pressure (IOP). IOP was elevated by cauterising three episcleral veins in each of the left …

Müller cells (Figs. 1.17 c, d, 2.1, 2.5, 2.9, 2.13, and 2.31) are radial glial cells that reside in a
part of the adult CNS. As such, they share the basic bipolar morphology of radial glial cells …

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a highly conserved signaling cascade that plays
critical roles during embryogenesis. Wnt ligands regulate axonal extension, growth cone …

Adult mammalian CNS axons generally do not regenerate, creating an obstacle to effective
repair and recovery after neuronal injury. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is …

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the roles of crystallins in the context of aging in
glaucoma and potential mechanisms of neuroprotection in an experimental animal model of …