Multidrug resistance is a leading concern in public health. It describes a complex phenotype
whose predominant feature is resistance to a wide range of structurally unrelated cytotoxic …

ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes
organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for …

Brassinosteroids are steroidal phytohormones that regulate plant development and
physiology, including adaptation to environmental stresses. Brassinosteroids are …

Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular
complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is found in all domains of life,
facilitating critical biological processes through the translocation of a wide variety of …

The ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily comprises membrane proteins that
efflux various substrates across extra‐and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABC genes …

Transmembrane (TM) proteins are major drug targets, but their structure determination, a
prerequisite for rational drug design, remains challenging. Recently, the DeepMind's …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is an extra-cytoplasmic glycopeptide polymeric structure
that protects bacteria from osmotic lysis and determines cellular shape. Since the cell wall …