Macrophages are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, yet appear to be
drivers of inflammation in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). How these …

Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the
predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at …

The mutualistic relationship of gut-resident microbiota and the host immune system
promotes homeostasis that ensures maintenance of the microbial community and of a …

Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an important role in gut barrier protection by
sha** the resident microbiota community, restricting the growth of bacterial pathogens and …

The intestinal immune system is an important modulator of glucose homeostasis and obesity-
associated insulin resistance. Dietary factors, the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites …

The composition of the intestinal microbiota is associated with both the development of
tumors and the efficacy of anti-tumor immunity. Here, we examined the impact of microbiota …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-
hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs …

The immune system employs recognition tools to communicate with its microbial
evolutionary partner. Among all the methods of microbial perception, T cells enable the …

Lymph node stromal cells coordinate the adaptive immune response in secondary lymphoid
organs, providing both a structural matrix and soluble factors that regulate survival and …

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affect essential functions not only in the CNS, but also
cause persistent gut dysfunctions, suggesting that they have an impact on both CNS and gut …