The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating
hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions …

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through
uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for …

Abstract Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-
expressing neurons reciprocally regulate food intake. Here, we combine non-interacting …

Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue
expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is well known for regulating reward consumption, learning,
memory, and addiction behaviors through mediating dopamine (DA) release in downstream …

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN), which is located in the pons and is dissected by one of the
major cerebellar output tracks, is known to relay sensory information (visceral malaise, taste …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

INTRODUCTION Loss-of-function mutations in one gene copy can lead to reduced amounts
of protein and, consequently, human disease, a condition termed haploinsufficiency. It is …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …

Neocortical layer 1 (L1) is a site of convergence between pyramidal-neuron dendrites and
feedback axons where local inhibitory signaling can profoundly shape cortical processing …