Counterfeiting and inverse engineering of security and confidential documents, such as
banknotes, passports, national cards, certificates, and valuable products, has significantly …

This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of
pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that …

Conjugated polymers have recently been under active investigation as promising
alternatives to traditional inorganic semiconductors for photocatalysis. This is due to their …

The development of π-conjugated polymers has provided a gateway to a variety of new
functional organic materials reminiscent of inorganic semiconductors. Nanoparticles based …

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) emitting in the second near-infrared window
(NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) are promising materials for deep-tissue optical imaging in …

This article gives an overview of the various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) that are widely
used for purposes of fluorescent imaging, mainly of cells and tissues. Following an …

Polymer encapsulated organic nanoparticles have recently attracted increasing attention in
the biomedical field because of their unique optical properties, easy fabrication and …

In recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention
because of their outstanding characteristics as fluorescent probes. These nanoparticles …

In the past few years, conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have been successfully
prepared and applied in the biological field because of their unique opto-electronic …

Nanoparticles are particles that range in size from about 1–1000 nanometers in diameter,
about one thousand times smaller than the average cell in a human body. Their small size …