Astrophysical plasmas have the remarkable ability to preserve magnetic topology, which
inevitably gives rise to the accumulation of magnetic energy within stressed regions …

In this review we focus on the fundamental theory of magnetohydrodynamic reconnection,
together with applications to understanding a wide range of dynamic processes in the solar …

The first self-consistent simulations of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in
a macroscale system are presented. Consistent with solar flare observations, the spectra of …

Magnetic reconnection converts, often explosively, stored magnetic energy to particle
energy in space and in the laboratory. Through processes operating on length scales that …

The rate of magnetic reconnection is of the utmost importance in a variety of processes
because it controls, for example, the rate energy is released in solar flares, the speed of the …

Magnetic reconnection within a highly magnetized plasma has been seen as a viable
mechanism to extract the energy from a rotating black hole, as it can generate negative …

A long-standing problem in magnetic reconnection is to explain why it tends to proceed at or
below a normalized rate of 0.1. This article gives a review of observational and numerical …

Spinning black holes store rotational energy that can be extracted. When a black hole is
immersed in an externally supplied magnetic field, reconnection of magnetic field lines …

High-resolution near-infrared observations with GRAVITY instrument have revealed rapid
orbital motions of a hotspot around Sagittarius A*(Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole in …

Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the
Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the …