Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into the feature
representations of ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these representations to the brain …

The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to
dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered …

Classification and characterization of neuronal types are critical for understanding their
function and dysfunction. Neuronal classification schemes typically rely on measurements of …

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that features the death of retinal ganglion cells
(RGCs) in the retina, often as a result of prolonged increases in intraocular pressure. We …

Single-wavelength fluorescent reporters allow visualization of specific neurotransmitters with
high spatial and temporal resolution. We report variants of intensity-based glutamate …

Retinal bipolar cells are the first'projection neurons' of the vertebrate visual system—all of
the information needed for vision is relayed by this intraretinal connection. Each of the at …

How does the mammalian retina detect motion? This classic problem in visual neuroscience
has remained unsolved for 50 years. In search of clues, here we reconstruct Off-type …

When 3D electron microscopy and calcium imaging are used to investigate the structure and
function of neural circuits, the resulting datasets pose new challenges of visualization and …

Directionally tuned signalling in starburst amacrine cell (SAC) dendrites lies at the heart of
the circuit that detects the direction of moving stimuli in the mammalian retina. The relative …

The mammalian retina is an important model system for studying neural circuitry: Its role in
sensation is clear, its cell types are relatively well defined, and its responses to natural …