BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

The conservation and management of marine ecosystems hinge on a comprehensive
understanding of the status and trends of top predators. This review delves into the …

To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, the international
community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and …

Protected areas (PA s) are a key tool in efforts to safeguard biodiversity against increasing
anthropogenic threats. As signatories to the 2011–2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, 196 …

Aim As a step towards providing support for an ecological approach to strengthening marine
protected areas (MPAs) and meeting international commitments, this study combines …

The oceans harbor critical areas of marine biodiversity and underwater cultural heritage,
both of which require active protection and preservation for the future. Here, we consider …

Aichi Target 11 of the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity commits countries to the effective
conservation of areas of importance for biodiversity, through protected areas and “other …

Coastal cities continue to experience rapid urbanisation and population growth worldwide,
linked to the diverse economic and social benefits flowing from proximity to the sea. Growing …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a key tool for achieving goals for biodiversity
conservation and human well-being, including improving climate resilience and equitable …

Water insecurity is a defining feature of the Anthropocene, with degraded water quality and
unreliable flows putting the well‐being of upstream and downstream communities, both …