Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures,
which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft …

A gelatin-based hydrogel system is a stimulus-responsive, biocompatible, and
biodegradable polymeric system with solid-like rheology that entangles moisture in its …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related metabolic disease. Low-grade inflammation and
oxidative stress are the last common pathway of OA. α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) is an essential …

Gelatin is a widely utilized bioprinting biomaterial due to its cell‐adhesive and enzymatically
cleavable properties, which improve cell adhesion and growth. Gelatin is often covalently …

Damage to cartilage tissues is often difficult to repair owing to chronic inflammation and a
lack of bioactive factors. Therefore, develo** bioactive materials, such as hydrogels acting …

Boronate ester (BE) hydrogels are increasingly used for biomedical applications. The
dynamic nature of these molecular networks enables bond rearrangement, which is …

The regeneration of hierarchical osteochondral units is challenging due to difficulties in
inducing spatial, directional and controllable differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells …

Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) localized to
the cell surface and the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). It is composed of disaccharides …

Bioinks for 3D bioprinting of tumor models should not only meet printability requirements but
also accurately maintain and support phenotypes of tumor surrounding cells to recapitulate …

The use of three-dimensional bioprinting technology combined with the principle of tissue
engineering is important for the construction of tissue or organ regeneration …