The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering
the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria …

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed traditional treatments, with immune checkpoint
blockade being particularly prominent. However, immunotherapy has minimal benefit for …

BACKGROUND Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a growing family of immune cells that mirror
the phenotypes and functions of T cells. Natural killer (NK) cells can be considered the …

The ability of antigen receptors to engage self-ligands with varying affinity is crucial for
lymphocyte development. To further explore this concept, we generated transgenic mice …

Infection of cells by microorganisms activates the inflammatory response. The initial sensing
of infection is mediated by innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which include Toll …

For over 50 years immunologists have based their thoughts, experiments, and clinical
treatments on the idea that the immune system functions by making a distinction between …

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that an environment with a high incidence of infectious
diseases protects against allergic and autoimmune diseases, whereas hygienic …

The mammalian Rel/NF-κB family of transcription factors, including RelA, c-Rel, RelB, NF-
κB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), and NF-κB2 (p52 and its precursor p100), plays a central …

The liver is a unique anatomical and immunological site in which antigen‐rich blood from
the gastrointestinal tract is pressed through a network of sinusoids and scanned by antigen …

A functional immune system requires the selection of T lymphocytes expressing receptors
that are major histocompatibility complex restricted but tolerant to self-antigens. This …