Protein synthesis by the ribosome is the final stage of biological information transfer and
represents an irreversible commitment to gene expression. Accurate translation of …

SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus with a single-stranded, positive-sense, 30-kilobase RNA
genome responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although population average …

RNA, a highly charged biopolymer composed of negatively charged phosphate groups,
defies electrostatic repulsion to adopt well-defined, compact structures. Hence, the presence …

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a fundamental gene expression event in
many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. It allows production of essential viral, structural and …

Frameshifting is an essential mechanism employed by many viruses including
coronaviruses to produce viral proteins from a compact RNA genome. It is facilitated by …

The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains a frameshift stimulatory element (FSE) that
allows access to an alternative reading frame through− 1 programmed ribosomal …

The Tetrahymena group I intron has been a key system in the understanding of RNA folding
and misfolding. The molecule folds into a long-lived misfolded intermediate (M) in vitro …

The SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting element (FSE), a highly conserved mRNA region required
for correct translation of viral polyproteins, defines an excellent therapeutic target against …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 depends on− 1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (− 1 PRF) to
express proteins essential for its replication. The RNA pseudoknot stimulating− 1 PRF is …

Translation facilitates the transfer of the genetic information stored in the genome via
messenger RNAs to a functional protein and is therefore one of the most fundamental …