In the marine environment, greening of grey infrastructure (GGI) is a rapidly growing field
that attempts to encourage native marine life to colonise marine artificial structures to …

In recent decades, exogenous pressures have contributed to habitat loss and fragmentation
of oysters, resulting in a growing interest in restoring oyster reefs. Hydrodynamics of oyster …

Habitat complexity is widely considered an important determinant of biodiversity, and
enhancing complexity can play a key role in restoring degraded habitats. However, the …

The human population is increasingly reliant on the marine environment for food, trade,
tourism, transport, communication and other vital ecosystem services. These services …

Topographic complexity is often considered to be closely associated with habitat complexity
and niche diversity; however, complex topography per se does not imply habitat suitability …

1.4. Background The marine environment is highly biodiverse, and this biodiversity provides
essential goods and services to humans and enhances human well-being (Gamfeldt et al …

The growth of the human population causes significant harm to ecosystems, directly
affecting the biological diversity of coastal areas by replacing natural habitats with artificial …

Marine artificial structures often support lower native species diversity and more non-
indigenous species (NIS), but adding complex habitat and using bioreceptive materials have …

Increasing human population, urbanisation, and climate change have resulted in the
proliferation of hard coastal infrastructure such as seawalls and breakwaters. There is …

Oyster reefs play a dual role in the ecological and economic sustainability of global
estuarine resources. Due to human activity and climate change, the prevalence of …