Developmental phytohormones regulate many physiological responses in plants, including
growth and immunity in response to pathogens. Disease resistance mediated by …

Highlights•Bacteria, fungi, nematodes and parasitic plants produce cytokinins.•Cytokinins
alter host susceptibility and disease symptoms.•External factors modulate host sensitivity to …

Under conditions of increasing environmental pollution, true saprophytes are capable of
changing their survival strategies and demonstrating certain pathogenicity factors …

Gram-positive bacteria are prominent members of plant-associated microbial communities.
Although many are hypothesized to be beneficial, some are causative agents of …

Several specialised insects can manipulate normal plant development to induce a highly
organised structure known as a gall, which represents one of the most complex interactions …