This document presents a consensus on the diagnosis and classification of isolated cervical
dystonia (iCD) with a review of proposed terminology. The International Parkinson and …

In generating a point-to-point movement, the brain does more than produce the transient
commands needed to move the body part; it also produces the sustained commands that are …

Objective To assess the clinical manifestations and predictors of different types of tremors in
individuals with different types of isolated dystonia. Methods Clinical manifestations of …

Background There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that botulinum toxin can alter
proprioceptive feedback and modulate the muscle‐spindle output for the treatment of …

Every movement ends in a period of stillness. Current models assume that commands that
hold the limb at a target location do not depend on the commands that moved the limb to that …

Ocular motor neural integrators ensure that eyes are held steady in straight-ahead and
eccentric positions of gaze. Abnormal function of the ocular motor neural integrator leads to …

Dystonia and tremor frequently co-occur. In some cases, they have shared biological
mechanisms, while in others dystonia and tremor are two comorbid conditions. The term …

Cervical dystonia is characterized by abnormal posturing of the head, often combined with
tremor‐like oscillatory head movements. The nature and source of these oscillatory head …

The relationship between two common movement disorders, dystonia and tremor, is
controversial. Both deficits have correlates in the network that includes connections between …

Background: There is emerging evidence that cervical dystonia is a neural network disorder
with the cerebellum as a key node. The cerebellum may provide a target for …