Protein evolution or engineering studies are traditionally focused on amino acid
substitutions and the way these contribute to fitness. Meanwhile, the insertion and deletion …

Because germline mutations are the source of all evolutionary adaptations and heritable
diseases, characterizing their properties and the rate at which they arise across individuals …

SARS-CoV-2 evolves rapidly in part because of its high mutation rate. Here, we examine
whether this mutational process itself has changed during viral evolution. To do this, we …

Mutation dictates the tempo and mode of evolution, and like all traits, the mutation rate is
subject to evolutionary modification. Here, we report refined estimates of the mutation rate …

The fidelity of DNA replication together with repair mechanisms ensure that the genetic
material is properly copied from one generation to another. However, on extremely rare …

Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, and over the last 10 years the ready
availability of whole-genome sequencing has permitted direct estimation of mutation rate for …

Mutations spawn genetic variation which, in turn, fuels evolution. Hence, experimental
investigations into the rate and fitness effects of spontaneous mutations are central to the …

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) have contributed to gene-repertoire enrichment in
many eukaryotic lineages. However, most duplicated genes are eventually lost and it is still …

Despite the general assumption that site-specific mutation rates are independent of the local
sequence context, a growing body of evidence suggests otherwise. To further examine …

The rate at which new mutations arise in the genome is a key factor in the evolution and
adaptation of species. Here we describe the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations for …