Aerosols affect the Earth's energy budget directly by scattering and absorbing radiation and
indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and, thereby, affecting cloud properties …

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in interest in the influence of
anthropogenic aerosols on climate through both direct and indirect effects. Several …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

Aerosol radiative forcing is a critical, though variable and uncertain, component of the global
climate. Yet climate models rely on sparse information of the aerosol optical properties. In …

The optical properties of the light-absorbing, carbonaceous substance often called
“soot,”“black carbon,” or “carbon black" have been the subject of some debate. These …

Every year, from December to April, anthropogenic haze spreads over most of the North
Indian Ocean, and South and Southeast Asia. The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) …

A new method is presented which determines the aerosol light absorption from the
simultaneous measurement of radiation passing through and scattered back from a particle …

Black carbon (BC), which is one of the highly absorbing capacities of solar radiation,
reduces albedo of atmospheric aerosol. BC along with fine particulate matters (PM2. 5) …

Elemental-, equivalent black-and refractory black-carbon are terms that have been defined
in order to dissect the more general term, black carbon, into its component parts related to its …

Global‐scale emissions of carbonaceous aerosol from fossil fuel usage have been
calculated with a resolution of 1°× 1°. Emission factors for black and organic carbon have …