Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

Type II topoisomerases (TOP2) are conserved regulators of chromatin topology that catalyze
reversible DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and are essential for maintaining genomic …

Access to DNA is a prerequisite to the execution of essential cellular processes that include
transcription, replication, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. How the proteins that …

The folding of genomic DNA from the beads-on-a-string-like structure of nucleosomes into
higher-order assemblies is crucially linked to nuclear processes. Here we calculate 3D …

Enhancers can regulate the promoters of their target genes over very large genomic
distances. It is widely assumed that mechanisms of enhancer action involve the …

Topoisomerases introduce transient DNA breaks to relax supercoiled DNA, remove
catenanes and enable chromosome segregation. Human cells encode six topoisomerases …

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental structural and functional
building blocks of human interphase chromosomes, yet the mechanisms of TAD formation …

Eukaryotes carry three types of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein
complexes, condensin, cohesin, and SMC5/6, which are ATP-dependent motor proteins that …

The observation that BRCA1-and BRCA2-deficient cells are sensitive to inhibitors of poly
(ADP–ribose) polymerase (PARP) has spurred the development of cancer therapies that use …

In this study, we show that evolutionarily conserved chromosome loop anchors bound by
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin are vulnerable to DNA double strand breaks …